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Background  Two important helminths,  Strongyloides stercoralis  (an intestinal roundworm) and  Opisthorchis viverrini  (a liver fluke), are endemic in northeast Thailand. There have been national campaigns in place aimed at the control and eradication of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and opisthorchiasis in Thailand for several decades. However, these helminths still exist and raise concerns regarding public health. This study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of  S. stercoralis  and  O. viverrini  infections in rural communities in northeast Thailand. The data from this study will be useful to improve strategies for future helminth prevention and control.    Methods  A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 in Mueang Khon Kaen district in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and processed using agar plate culture to determine the presence of  S. stercoralis  infection and an in-house formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique to determine the presence of  O. viverrini  and other intestinal parasite infections (IPIs).    Results  In total, 602 persons were enrolled. However, only 526 were analyzed for  S. stercoralis  and 387 for  O. viverrini  risk factors. The overall prevalence of  S. stercoralis  infection was 23.0% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 19.4 to 26.6). The prevalence of  O. viverrini  infection and IPIs other than  S. stercoralis  was 20.4% (95%CI: 16.5 to 24.8). The prevalence of  O. viverrini  infection was 19.4% (95%CI: 15.6 to 23.7). Male sex was significantly associated with  S. stercoralis  infection [Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 4.0; 95%CI: 2.5 to 6.2;  P-value  < 0.001]. Males were significantly more likely to be infected with  O. viverrini  and other IPIs (aOR 4.1; 95%CI: 2.3 to 7.2,  P-value  < 0.001).    Conclusions  This study demonstrated that the updated prevalence of intestinal parasite infections is still high in rural communities in northeast Thailand, especially that of strongyloidiasis and opisthorchiasis.

bmc public health

Current high prevalences of Strongyloides stercoralis and Opisthorchis viverrini infections in rural communities in northeast Thailand and associated risk factors