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Background  The  Bolsa Família  Program was created in Brazil in 2003, by the joint of different social programs aimed at poor or very poor families with focus on income transfer to promote immediate poverty relief, conditionalities and complementary programs. Given the contributions of conditional cash transfer programs to poverty alleviation and their potential effects on nutrition and health, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of the  Bolsa Família  Program on food purchases of low-income households in Brazil.    Methods  Representative data from the Household Budget Survey conducted in 2008–2009 were studied, with probabilistic sample of 55,970 households. 11,282 households were eligible for this study and 48.5 % were beneficiaries of the BFP. Food availability indicators were compared among paired blocks of households ( n  = 100), beneficiaries or non-beneficiaries of the  Bolsa Família  Program, with monthly  per capita  income up to R$ 210.00. Blocks of households were created based on the propensity score of each household to have beneficiaries and were homogeneous regarding potential confounding variables. The food availability indicators were weekly  per capita  expenditure and daily energy consumption, both calculated considering all food items and four food groups based on the extent and purpose of the industrial food processing. The comparisons between the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries blocks of households were conducted through paired ‘t’ tests.    Results  Compared to non-beneficiaries, the beneficiaries households had 6 % higher food expenditure ( p  = 0.015) and 9.4 % higher total energy availability ( p  = 0.010). It was found a 7.3 % higher expenditure on  in natura  or minimally processed foods and 10.4 % higher expenditure on culinary ingredients among the  Bolsa Família  Program families. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the expenditure and the availability of processed and ultra-processed food and drink products. In the  in natura  or minimally processed foods group, the expenditure and the availability of meat, tubers and vegetables were higher among the  Bolsa Família  Program beneficiaries.    Conclusion  The  Bolsa Família  Program impact on food availability among low-income families was higher food expenditure, higher availability of fresh foods and culinary ingredients, including those foods that increase diet’s quality and diversity.

Impact of the Bolsa Família program on food availability of low-income Brazilian families: a quasi experimental study