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Background  Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. In this study, three opioid genes ( OPRM1 ,  OPRD1,  and  OPRK1 ) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males.    Methods  The study involved 498 addicts, in addition to 496 healthy controls and all from Arab descent.    Results  The findings in this study showed that rs1799971 of the  OPRM1  gene was in association with drug addiction for both alleles and genotypes with  P -values = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. In addition, a significant association between the dominant model (A/A vs G/A-G/G) of rs1799971 ( OPRM1 ) and drug addiction ( P -value = 0.003, OR = 1.59 (1.17–2.15)) was detected. Moreover, a genetic haplotype (AGGGCGACCCC) of the OPRM1  gene revealed a significant association with drug addiction ( P -value = 0.01, OR = 1.56 (1.15–2.12)). We also found that the age of addicts, smoking, and marital status with genetic variants within  OPRM1 ,  OPRD1,  and  OPRK1  genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk.    Conclusion  We propose that rs1799971 of the  OPRM1 gene is a genetic risk factor for drug addiction among Jordanian males.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-020-03006-z.

Genetic susceptibility of opioid receptor genes polymorphism to drug addiction: A candidate-gene association study