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Background  More systematic use of evidence-based brief therapies is needed in the treatment of depression within psychiatric care. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of behavioral activation therapy (BA) for patients with depressive symptoms in a routine clinical setting of secondary psychiatric care.    Methods  The BA-treated intervention group ( n  = 242) comprised patients with depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score ≥ 17 at baseline). The control group ( n  = 205) patients received treatment as usual in the same catchment area. The groups were matched at baseline using BDI and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores and inpatient/outpatient status. The groups were compared at 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up points on functional outcome (Global Assessment of Functioning scale), service use, dropout and deaths. The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms in the intervention group.    Results  The estimated difference in GAF score between intervention and control group patients was significant at 12- and 24-months follow-up points in favor of intervention group (GAF score difference 4.85 points,  p  = 0.006 and 5.71 points,  p  = 0.005, respectively; estimate for patient group 2.26,  p  = 0.036). The rates of dropout, mortality and service use were similar between the groups. Among the intervention group patients, the estimated improvement in MADRS score compared to baseline was statistically significant throughout the follow-up ( p  < 0.001 at all follow-up points).    Conclusions  The systematic use of BA among secondary psychiatric care depressive patients provides encouraging results despite the patients had various comorbid non-psychotic disorders.    Trial registration   ClinicalTrials.gov , Identifier NCT02520271, Release Date: 06/27/2015, retrospectively registered.

Behavioral activation versus treatment as usual in naturalistic sample of psychiatric patients with depressive symptoms: a benchmark controlled trial