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Background  Wheezing is common in younger children and often related to viral infection. It is lack of reliable indicators for asthma prediction.    Objective  To evaluate the relationship between circulation CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 +  memory Th2 cells and asthma diagnosis in wheezing children.    Methods  A prospective study was performed in children under 5 years old presented with wheezing or at last one episode of documented wheezing history. After inclusion, the level of serum allergen-specific serum IgE (sIgE) and circulating CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 + cells were detected. The patients’ personal and family histories of allergic disease were acquired by questionnaire. The children were followed up over 2 years. Diagnosis of asthma was assessed at the end follow-up. The risk factors in predicting asthma diagnosis were evaluated.    Results  A total of 43 children completed follow-up. Higher wheezing frequency were found in children with asthma diagnosis. The mean of circulating CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 + cells in children diagnosed with or without asthma was 1.6 %±0.8 and 0.8 %±0.6 %, respectively, and was significantly higher in children diagnosed with asthma ( p  < 0.01). There was no significant difference between children with and without allergic diseases history or family allergic diseases in level of circulating CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 +  cells. Logistic regression analysis indicated that circulating CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 +  cells (EXP, 8.986; 95 % CI,1.886–42.816) and wheezing frequency(EXP, 0.127; 95 % CI, 0.023–0.703)were high risk factors for asthma.    Conclusions  Our exploratory study shown that circulating CD4 + CCR6 + CRTh2 +  memory Th2 cells increased in asthma diagnosed children and it was a high-risk factor for asthma. Detection of this type of cells could be helpful in predicting the risk of asthma in wheezing children.

A pilot study to evaluate the role of circulation CD4+ CCR6+ CRTh2+ cell in predicting risk of asthma in wheezing children