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Background  Childhood obesity represents a serious global health crisis. Apelin and its receptor system are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and have been demonstrated to serve a role modulating feeding behaviour and energy homeostasis. The purposes of this study were to examine apelin concentrations and anthropometric-cardiometabolic parameters in obese and non-obese children and to identify associations of  APLN  T-1860C and  APLNR  G212A polymorphisms with apelin levels and obesity among Thai children.    Methods  This case-control study included an analysis of 325 Thai children: 198 children with obesity and 127 healthy non-obese children. Anthropometric-cardiometabolic variables and apelin concentration were measured. Genotyping of  APLN  T-1860C and  APLNR  G212A was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.    Results  The obese group had significantly lower apelin and HDL-C levels but significantly higher triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index values, TG/HDL-C ratio and TC/HDL-C ratio than the non-obese group ( p  < 0.01). Apelin level was negatively correlated with body size phenotypes and cardiometabolic parameters ( p  < 0.05). The  APLN  T-1860C polymorphism (OR = 4.39, 95% CI = 1.25–15.28) and apelin concentration (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23–0.92) were significantly associated with obesity among female children ( p  < 0.05) only, after adjusting for potential covariates. However, the  APLNR  G212A polymorphism showed no significant relationship with apelin concentration or obesity.    Conclusion  These findings in Thai children suggest that apelin concentrations are related to obesity and cardiometabolic parameters. Furthermore, the  APLN  T-1860C polymorphism may influence susceptibility to obesity among female children.

Relationships of apelin concentration and APLN T-1860C polymorphism with obesity in Thai children