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Background  The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide. This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain  Enterobacterioceae  species. However, the distribution of these genes is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of the resistant genes coding for broad spectrum beta-lactamases and quinolones in rural Burkina Faso.    Methods  Multiplex PCR assays were carried out to detect ESBL-encoding genes, including  bla  OXA ,  bla  TEM ,  bla  CTX-M ,  bla  SHV . The assays also assessed the presence of quinolone resistance gene namely  qnrA, qnrB and qnrS  in the quinolone-resistance DEC and  Salmonella  strains.    Results  The Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) resistance phenotype was reported in all the  E .  coli  isolates (5/5). Cross-resistance phenotype to quinolones (CRQ) was shown by one  Salmonella  strain (1/9) and three  E .  coli  (3/5). Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one  Salmonella  (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two  E .  coli  strains (2/5). Whilst the  bla  OXA  genes were detected in 100% (5/5) of  E .  coli  isolates and in 33.33% (3/9)  Salmonella  isolates. One strain of  E .  coli  (1/5) harbored the  bla  CTX−M  gene and the  qnr B gene simultaneously.    Conclusions  This study identified β-lactam ( bla ) and quinolone resistance ( qnr ) genes in multidrug-resistant  E .  coli  and  Salmonella  spp. in rural Burkina Faso. Our finding which highlighted the  enterobacteriaceae  strains resistance to β-lactams and quinolones are of high interest for adequate management of antimicrobial resistant genes outbreak in Burkina Faso.

bmc pediatrics

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea, Burkina Faso