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Background  Relatively little is known about weight management programs targeted toward young children with obesity. Using data from the Early Lifestyles Intervention program, we report outcomes from a referral-based, multi-disciplinary weight management program targeted toward children aged 2 to 6 years with obesity or severe obesity.    Methods  Data from 55 children (4.5 ± 1.3 years) medically referred to the ELI program were examined in this non-randomized investigation. At baseline, a nurse collected demographic, anthropometric and clinical measures from the study child, while parents/guardians completed questionnaires regarding their child’s nutrition and activity behavior. Follow-up sessions were conducted to discuss healthy behavior strategies and collect anthropometrics from the study child. Body mass index (BMI) values were reported relative to the 95th BMI percentile (%BMI p95 ) and children were classified as obese (≥ 100% of 95th BMI percentile) or severely obese (≥ 120% of 95th BMI). Questionnaire data were analyzed to report group-level differences and to determine whether individual items predicted changes in %BMI p95  from baseline to follow-up. Regression models were used to examine the change in %BMI p95  by sex, ethnicity, and baseline body size.    Results  Certain behaviors were more frequent among non-Hispanic children compared to Hispanic children (demanding certain foods), whereas other behaviors were more frequent among children with severe obesity compared to children with obesity (requesting a second helping, getting own snack and sneaking food). Greater reductions in the study child’s %BMI p95  were found among parents indicating their child requests a second helping, is a faster eater, or complains of being hungry. Among the combined sample, %BMI p95  significantly decreased from baseline to final follow-up. On average, the decrease in %BMI p95  did not differ by sex, ethnicity, or baseline body size.    Conclusions  Modest improvements in body size were observed. Additional studies are needed to identify best practices for pediatric interventions seeking weight management.

Results of a referral-based weight management program targeted toward children aged 2 to 6 years with obesity or severe obesity