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Background  To observe Dectin-1 expression in fungal keratitis on rat models and to determine the role of Dectin-1 in innate immune response to  Aspergillus fumigatus .    Methods  Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, fungal keratitis and pretreatment (pretreated with Laminarin) groups. Samples were used for conducting immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR to observe expression of cytokines like CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10.    Results  After fungal stimulations, all 7 inflammatory factors, except IL-10, increased with different levels. After 4 h of fungal stimulations, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2 of pretreatment groups were significantly ( p  < 0.05) lower than fungal groups, while the other 3 cytokines had no significant changes. After 8 h of fungal stimulations, IL-6 and CXCL1 of pretreatment groups were still significantly ( p  < 0.05) lower than fungal groups.    Discussion  With progress of fungus stimulation, expression of IL-1β,CXCL1 ,CXCL2,MCP-1 gradually increased, whilepretreated with Laminarin to block Dectin-1, these expression decreased, indicating that Dectin-1 maypromote immune reaction through them. IL-10 decreased in fungal group because of itsimmunosuppressive effect at 4h, and it began to increase at 8h to suppress Th1 inflammation response inorder to avoid excessive tissue damage.    Conclusion  Dectin-1 in early period of innate immune responses in rat fungal keratitis might work through IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils and macrophages to participate anti-fungal immunity.

Role of Dectin-1 in the innate immune response of rat corneal epithelial cells to Aspergillus fumigatus