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Background The association between specific bacteria and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been proposed. Only a few studies have, however, investigated this relationship directly in colorectal tissue with conflicting results. So, we aimed to quantitate  Streptococcus gallolyticus ,  Fusobacterium spp ,  Enterococcus faecalis  and enterotoxigenic  Bacteroides fragilis  (ETBF) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal tissue samples of Iranian CRC patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 80 FFPE colorectal tissue samples of CRC patients ( n  = 40) and healthy controls (n = 40) were investigated for the presence and copy number of above bacterial species using quantitative PCR. Relative quantification was determined using ΔΔCT method and expressed as relative fold difference compared to reference gene. Results Relative abundance and copy number of  E. faecalis  and ETBF were significantly higher in CRC samples compared to control group.  E. faecalis  was more prevalent than ETBF in tumor samples. Frequency of ETBF and  E. faecalis  in late stages (III/IV) of cancer was significantly higher than early stages (I/II). We did not detect a significant difference in abundance of  S. gallolyticus  and  Fusobacterium spp  between two groups. Conclusion Our study revealed the higher concentration of  E. faecalis  and ETBF in FFPE samples of CRC patients than controls. However, additional investigations on fecal and fresh colorectal cancer tissue samples are required to substantiate this correlation.

bmc cancer

High frequency of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Enterococcus faecalis in the paraffin-embedded tissues of Iranian colorectal cancer patients