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Background  To determine whether additional chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) improves survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer who undergo radical hysterectomy (RH).    Methods  We included high- or intermediate-risk patients from two institutions, with 2009 FIGO stage IB–IIA, who underwent primary RH and pelvic lymphadenectomy between January 2007 and June 2020, and had completed adjuvant CCRT. Survival outcomes were compared between patients who received additional chemotherapy (study group) and those who did not (control group).    Results  A total of 198 patients were included in this analysis. The study ( n  = 61) and control groups ( n  = 137) had similar patient age, histologic cancer type, 2009 FIGO stage, and tumor size. However, minimally invasive surgery was performed less frequently in the study group than in the control group (19.7% vs. 46.0%,  P  < 0.001). The presence of pathologic risk factors was similar, except for lymph node metastasis, which was more frequent in the study group (72.1% vs. 46.0%;  P  = 0.001). In survival analyses, no differences in the disease-free survival (DFS;  P  = 0.539) and overall survival (OS;  P  = 0.121) were observed between the groups. Multivariate analyses adjusting for surgical approach and other factors revealed that additional chemotherapy was not associated with DFS (adjusted HR, 1.149; 95% CI, 0.552–2.391;  P  = 0.710) and OS (adjusted HR, 1.877; 95% CI, 0.621–5.673;  P  = 0.264). The recurrence patterns did not differ with additional chemotherapy. Consistent results were observed in a subset of high-risk patients ( n  = 139).    Conclusions  Additional chemotherapy after CCRT might not improve survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer who undergo RH.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08940-z.

bmc cancer

Survival impact of additional chemotherapy after adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in patients with early cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy