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Background  Tumor mutation burden is an emerging biomarker for immunotherapy. Although several clinical trials for immunotherapy in lymphoma have been carried out, the mutation burden of various lymphomas is not well known yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare tumor mutation burden of various non-Hodgkin lymphomas using panel based massively parallel sequencing.    Methods  We conducted 405 gene panel based massively parallel sequencing of 300 non-Hodgkin lymphomas and investigate the number of SNV/Indel in each lymphoma.    Results  The number of SNV/Indel was higher in mature B-cell lymphoma than in mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma. ( P  < 0.001) The number of SNV/Indel in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS).( P  = 0.030 and  P  = 0.008, respectively) The SNV/Indel number in EBV-positive DLBCL NOS was significantly lower than that in DLBCL NOS. ( P  = 0.048) Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS showed no significant difference in the number of SNV/Indel from extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type ( P  = 0.942) or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma ( P  = 0.739). The number of SNV/Indel in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive was significantly lower than that in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-negative ( P  = 0.049). It was the lowest among all the lymphomas considered.    Conclusion  Various lymphomas have different mutation burdens. Thus, tumor mutation burden can be used as a promising biomarker for immunotherapy in lymphomas.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08695-7.

Comparison of tumor mutation burden of 300 various non-Hodgkin lymphomas using panel based massively parallel sequencing