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Background  Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Given the limited treatment options, prognostic assessment of ACC is increasingly crucial. In this study, we aim to assess the correlation between preoperative serum albumin and prognosis in patients with ACC after primary resection.    Methods  We retrospectively collected and reviewed medical information about 71 ACC patients who underwent primary resection. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test or Breslow test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Jordan index was generated to explore optimal cut-off value of albumin. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox’s hazards model. Statistical significance was defined as  P  < 0.05.    Results  Among included patients, 33 patients (46.5%) relapsed at the end of follow-up, while 39 patients (54.9%) died. The median overall survival (OS) of included patients was 17 (range 1–104) months, and median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 10 (range 0–104) months. In univariate analysis, the albumin was significantly associated with OS (HR:0.491, 95% CI: 0.260–0.930,  P  = 0.029) and RFS (HR: 0.383, 95% CI: 0.192–0.766,  P  = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, serum albumin as an independent prognostic factor of OS was confirmed (HR: 0.351, 95% CI: 0.126–0.982,  P  = 0.046).    Conclusions  Preoperative albumin might be a significant prognostic factor for ACC patients after primary resection. This result may be useful for risk stratification and management of this rare malignancy.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08689-5.

Association between preoperative serum albumin and prognosis in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma after primary resection: a retrospective study