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Background  The purpose of this study was to explore clinicalpathology features, molecular features and outcome of male breast cancer patients who expressed ER, PR as well as HER-2, namely triple-positive male breast cancer (TP-MBC), and compared them with triple-positive female breast cancer patients (TP-FBC).    Methods  TP-MBC and TP-FBC from 2010 to 2017 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). Kaplan-Meier plotter and multivariable Cox regression model were applied to analyse the difference between TP-MBC and TP-FBC on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was used to ensure well-balanced characteristics. 7 cases TP-MBC and 174 cases TP-FBC patients with the genomic and clinical information were identified from the cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK).    Result  336 TP-MBC and 33,339 TP-FBC patients were taken into the study. The percentages of TP-MBC in MBC patients were higher than the rates of TP-FBC in FBC patients from 2010 to 2017 except 2012. Compared with TP-FBC, more TP-MBC were staged III (17.9% vs. 13.5%) or stage IV (11.0% vs. 6.9%). TP-MBC were more frequently to be older than 65-years-old (47.0% vs. 29.3%), Balck (15.2% vs. 10.8%), ductal carcinoma (91.7% vs. 84.4%) and metastases to lung (4.5% vs. 2.1%) or bone (8.6% vs. 4.7%). TP-MBC had worse OS and CSS than TP-FBC in all stages ( P  < 0.001). In multivariable prediction model of TPBC, male patients had a higher risk than female. Lastly, the worse OS ( P  < 0.001) and CSS ( P  = 0.013) were seen in the 1:3 PSM analysis between TP-MBC and TP-FBC. Genomic analysis revealed that TP-MBCs have some notable rare mutations, like ERBB2, ERBB3, RB1, CDK12, FGFR2, IDH1, AGO2, GATA3, and some of them are not discovered in TP-FBC.    Conclusion  TP-MBC had a worse survival than TP-FBC, and there were different genomic features between two groups. Current knowledge and treatment to TP-MBC maybe inadequate and remain to be explored.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08267-9.

Poor prognosis of male triple-positive breast Cancer patients: a propensity score matched SEER analysis and molecular portraits