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Background  Astrocytoma is a common type of central nervous system tumor. In this study, we investigated the correlation between  ST6GAL1  and  CYP19A1  polymorphisms and the risk and prognosis of astrocytoma.    Methods  A total of 365 astrocytoma patients and 379 healthy controls were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY system. The correlation between  ST6GAL1  and  CYP19A1  variants and astrocytoma risk was calculated using logistic regression. The survival rate of patients with astrocytoma was analyzed to evaluate prognosis.    Results  We found that the  ST6GAL1 -rs2239611 significantly decreased the risk of astrocytoma in the codominant model ( p  = 0.044) and dominant model ( p  = 0.049). In stratified analyses,  CYP19A1 -rs2255192 might be associated with a higher risk of astrocytoma among the low-grade subgroup under recessive ( p  = 0.034) and additive ( p  = 0.030) models. However,  CYP19A1 -rs4646 had a risk-decreasing effect on the high-grade subgroup in the codominant model ( p  = 0.044). The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the CYP19A1-rs2239611 and -rs1042757 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the prognosis of astrocytoma.    Conclusion  Our results suggest that  ST6GAL1  and  CYP19A1  genes may be a potential biomarker of genetic susceptibility and prognosis to astrocytoma in the Chinese Han population.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08110-1.

Association of ST6GAL1 and CYP19A1 polymorphisms in the 3′-UTR with astrocytoma risk and prognosis in a Chinese Han population