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Background  Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBL) are rare aggressive hematological malignancies that mainly develop in children. As in other cancers, the loss of cell cycle control plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis in these malignancies that is primarily attributed to loss of  CDKN2A  (encoding protein p16INK4A). However, the impact of the deregulation of other genes such as  CDKN1C ,  E2F1, and TP53  remains to be clarified. Interestingly, experiments in mouse models have proven that conditional T-cell specific deletion of Cdkn1c gene may induce a differentiation block at the DN3 to DN4 transition, and that the loss of this gene in the absence of  Tp53  led to aggressive thymic lymphomas.    Results  In this manuscript, we demonstrated that the simultaneous deregulation of  CDKN1C ,  E2F1 , and  TP53  genes by epigenetic mechanisms and/or the deregulation of specific microRNAs, together with additional impairing of TP53 function by the expression of dominant-negative isoforms are common features in primary human T-LBLs.    Conclusions  Previous experimental work in mice revealed that T-cell specific deletion of  Cdkn1c  accelerates lymphomagenesis in the absence of  Tp53 . If, as expected, the consequences of the deregulation of the CDKN1C-E2F1-TP53 axis were the same as those experimentally demonstrated in mouse models, the disruption of this axis might be useful to predict tumor aggressiveness, and to provide the basis towards the development of potential therapeutic strategiesin human T-LBL.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4304-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

RNA-Seq reveals the existence of a CDKN1C-E2F1-TP53 axis that is altered in human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas