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Background  The key-stone-pathogen,  Porphyromonas gingivalis  associates not only with periodontal diseases but with a variety of other chronic diseases such as cancer. We previously reported an association between the presence of  Porphyromonas gingivalis  in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its progression. We now report the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum immunoglobulin G and A antibodies (IgG/A) against  Porphyromonas gingivalis  for ESCC.    Methods  An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum levels of  Porphyromonas gingivalis  IgG and IgA in 96 cases with ESCC, 50 cases with esophagitis and 80 healthy controls.    Results  The median serum levels of IgG and IgA for  P. gingivalis  were significantly higher in ESCC patients than non-ESCC controls.  P. gingivalis  IgG and IgA in serum demonstrated sensitivities/specificities of 29.17%/96.90% and 52.10%/70.81%, respectively, and combination of IgG and IgA produced a sensitivity/specificity of 68.75%/68.46%. The diagnostic performance of serum  P. gingivalis  IgA for early ESCC was superior to that of IgG (54.54% vs. 20.45%). Furthermore, high serum levels of  P. gingivalis  IgG or IgA were associated with worse prognosis of ESCC patients, in particular for patients with stage 0-IIor negative lymphnode metastasis, and ESCC patients with high levels of both IgG and IgA had the worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node status, IgG and IgA were independent prognostic factors.    Conclusions  The IgG and IgA for  P. gingivalis  are potential serum biomarkers for ESCC and combination of IgG and IgA improves the diagnostic and prognostic performance. Furthermore, serum  P. gingivalis  IgG and IgA can detect early stage ESCC.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3905-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc cancer

Preoperative serum immunoglobulin G and A antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis are potential serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma