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Background  There are three main therapeutic strategies, namely expectant management (dilation and curettage only), prophylactic chemotherapy and prophylactic total hysterectomy for treating older women with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). However, the scientific community has so far, not unanimously accepted the above-mentioned methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapeutic strategies in preventing post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) pertaining to patients with CHM who were at least 40 years old.    Methods  Hundred and seventy-one patients from our hospital who had histologically been diagnosed of CHM and underwent treatment from January 2004 to December 2013 were included. All patients were followed continuously for a minimum of 2 years after which relevant clinical data were extracted and analysed.    Results  All patients were divided to three groups. Group 1 consisted of 124 patients, treated by expectant management, and the incidence of post-molar GTN was 37.1%. Group 2 included 12 patients who received prophylactic chemotherapy, with an incidence of 41.7%. The remaining 35 patients, Group 3, underwent prophylactic total hysterectomy, with the lowest incidence of 11.4%. A significantly lower incidence was noted in group 3 as compared to group 1 ( P  = 0.004). GTN patients who received prophylactic chemotherapy required, on average, longer time to be diagnosed of GTN and had higher probability of chemotherapy resistance ( P  = 0.031 and  P  = 0.024).    Conclusions  This retrospective analysis showed that prophylactic total hysterectomy was the most effective therapeutic strategy for treating CHM in women at least 40 years old of age.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3749-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comparison of different therapeutic strategies for complete hydatidiform mole in women at least 40 years old: a retrospective cohort study