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Background  We conducted a multicenter randomized study of adjuvant S-1 administration schedules for surgically treated pathological stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients.    Methods  Patients receiving curative surgical resection were centrally randomized to arm A (4 weeks of oral S-1 and a 2-week rest over 12 months) or arm B (2 weeks of S-1 and a 1-week rest over 12 months). The primary endpoints were completion of the scheduled adjuvant chemotherapy over 12 months, and the secondary endpoints were relative total administration dose, toxicity, and 3-year disease-free survival.    Results  From April 2005 to January 2012, 80 patients were enrolled, of whom 78 patients were eligible and assessable. The planned S-1 administration over 12 months was accomplished to 28 patients in 38 arm A patients (73.7%) and to 18 patients in 40 arm B patients (45.0%,  p  = 0.01). The average relative dose intensity was 77.2% for arm A and 58.4% for arm B ( p  = 0.01). Drug-related grade 3 adverse events were recorded for 11% of arm A and 5% of arm B ( p  = 0.43). Grade 1–3 elevation of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were more frequently recorded in arm A than in arm B. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 79.0% for arm A and 79.3% for arm B ( p  = 0.94).    Conclusions  The superiority of feasibility of the shorter schedule was not recognized in the present study. The conventional schedule showed higher completion rates over 12 months ( p  = 0.01) and relative dose intensity of S-1 ( p  = 0.01). Toxicity showed no significant difference among the shorter schedule and the conventional schedule, except for grade 1–3 elevation of bilirubin.    Trial registration  This randomized multicenter study was retrospectively registered with the UMIN-CTR (UMIN000016086, registration date December 30, 2014).

bmc cancer

Adherence and feasibility of 2 treatment schedules of S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with completely resected advanced lung cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial