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Background  Patients undergone kidney transplantation present higher risk of Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) development and represent a subgroup of special interest. To date, vinflunine is the only drug approved in Europe for the treatment of advanced UC after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. However, to our knowledge, no data on the concomitant administration of vinflunine and immunosuppressive agents are available.    Case presentation  The patient, a 45 years old Caucasian male, presented poorly differentiated UC of the bladder recurred after initial cystectomy with abdominal lymphadenopathies evidenced by FDG-PET/CT. Previously, at the age of 22, he had post-glomerulonephritis renal failure and underwent kidney transplantation from deceased donor. Since then, he has been in treatment with immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of UC recurrence, he was on treatment with cyclosporine. After progression to platinum-based chemotherapy, he received second-line therapy with vinflunine resulting in a complete metabolic response after two cycles. However, despite several dose reductions, the patient experienced severe hematologic toxicity. The pharmacological interaction between vinflunine and cyclosporine, both metabolized by CYP 3A4, may explain the excellent result and the concomitant severe toxicity.    Conclusions  Vinflunine is active on UC developed in kidney transplanted patients. However, special attention should be paid to concomitant administration with immunosuppressive agents that could result in increased toxicity.

Metabolic complete response with vinflunine as second-line therapy in a kidney-transplanted patient with advanced urothelial carcinoma: a case report