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Background  Regulatory T cells (Treg s ), particularly the CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +  Treg s , down regulate immunity and promote tumor cell growth by directly suppressing CD8 +  and CD4 +  T cells. Alternatively they can promote tumor growth by generating interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in situ, which help tumor cells to evade the immune system.    Methods  In vivo tumor models were prepared via subcutaneous injection with a suspension of B16 melanoma cells into the left upper flank of C57BL/6 J mice. The mice were randomized into five groups: radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), radiochemotherapy (RCT), Inteferon α (INFα) groups, and a control group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the Treg s  levels in the spleen and peripheral blood, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression levels of TGFβ and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment.    Results  Tumor weight was significantly reduced in the CT or RCT groups (40.91 % and 41.83 %, respectively), while the reduction in tumor weight was relatively lower for the RT and IFNα groups (15.10 % and 13.15 %, respectively). The flow cytometry results showed that the ratios of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +  Treg s  to lymphocytes and CD4 +  cells in the spleen and in peripheral blood were significantly decreased after treatment with IFNα ( P  < 0.05). Expression of TGFβ and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment in the CT and RT groups was higher compared with the control group ( P  < 0.01), while the expression of TGFβ and IL-10 in the INFα group was not significantly different ( P  > 0.05).    Conclusions  The results show that INFα-2b inhibits cancer cell immune evasion by decreasing the levels of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +  Treg s  and suppressing the expression of TGFβ and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment.

INFα-2b inhibitory effects on CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment of C57BL/6 J mice with melanoma xenografts