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Background  The  ras  genes play an important role in the development and progression of human tumours. Neutralizing Ras proteins in the cytoplasm could be an effective approach to blocking  ras  signalling. In this study, we prepared anti-p21Ras single chain fragment variable antibody (scFv) and investigated its immunoreactivity with human tumours.    Methods  The coding sequences of  H-ras ,  K-ras , and  N-ras  were separately ligated into the vector pET-28a(+). Then, recombinant expressing plasmids were induced by IPTG for p21Ras expression in  E. coli . Hybridoma cell lines producing anti-p21Ras monoclonal antibodies were isolated using wildtype p21Ras proteins as immunogens. Anti-p21Ras scFv antibody was prepared from the hybridoma by the phage scFv display method. The immunoreactivity of the anti-p21Ras monoclonal antibody and the scFv antibody was identified by ELISA and immunocytochemistry.    Results  We prokaryotically expressed wildtype H-p21Ras, K-p21Ras and N-p21Ras and generated the hybridoma cell line KGH-R1, producing anti-p21Ras monoclonal antibodies. It was demonstrated that KGH-R1 monoclonal antibody could recognize wildtype and mutated H-p21Ras, K-p21Ras and N-p21Ras in human tumour cell lines.  In all 14 types of primary human cancer tissues tested, the monoclonal antibody presented strong immunoreactivity but showed weak or negative immunoreactivity in the corresponding normal tissues. Subsequently, we prepared anti-p21Ras scFv from hybridoma KGH-R1, which showed the same immunoreactivity as the original monoclonal antibody. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the nucleotides and amino acids of the scFv exhibited an approximately 50 % difference from the anti-p21Ras scFv reported previously.    Conclusions  This study presents a novel anti-p21Ras scFv antibody. Our data suggest that the scFv may be useful for ras signalling blockage and may be a potential therapeutic antibody for ras-derived tumours.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2168-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A novel anti-p21Ras scFv antibody reacting specifically with human tumour cell lines and primary tumour tissues