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Background  The lymph node metastasis is a key early step of the tumor metastatic process. VEGFD-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis plays a key role, since down-regulation of p-VEGFR-3 could block the lymph node metastasis. YL529 has been reported to possess potent anti-angiogenesis and antitumor activities; however, its roles in tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis remain unclear.    Method  We investigated the effect of YL529 on tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis using  in vitro  lymph node metastasis models and  in vivo  subcutaneous tumor models in C57 BL/6 mice.    Result  We found that YL529 inhibited VEGF-D-induced survival, proliferation and tube-formation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Furthermore, in established  in vitro  and  in vivo  lymph node metastasis models using VEGF-D-LL/2 cells, YL529 significantly inhibited the tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. At molecular level, YL529 down-regulated p-VEGFR-3, p-JNK and Bax while up-regulated Bcl-2.    Conclusion  YL529 provided the therapeutic benefits by both direct effects on tumor cells and inhibiting lymphangiogenesis and metastasis via the VEGFR-3 signaling pathway, which may have significant direct clinical implications.

bmc cancer

A small molecular agent YL529 inhibits VEGF-D-induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in preclinical tumor models in addition to its known antitumor activities