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Background  In contrast to the hospital setting, today little work has been directed to the definition, measurement, and improvement of the quality of out-patient medical and therapeutic care. We developed a set of indicators to measure the quality of out-patient neuropsychological therapy after stroke.    Methods  The indicators cover core and interdisciplinary aspects of out-patient neuropsychological work such as mediation of patients into social care in case of need. Selection of the quality-indicators was done together with a consensus group of out-patient therapists and supported by evidence, validity, reliability as well as estimated relevance and variability with the quality of care. The set of indicators was further tested in a retrospective cohort study. Anonymous data of 104 patients were collected from out-patient clinical records of five clinics between November 2017 and April 2018. Associations between process and outcome quality were estimated exploitatively.    Results  Results allowed for the identification of areas with greater variability in the quality of process care and indicated that attention training as recommended by current guidelines had the lowest overall rate for meeting the quality-aim (met in 44% of the cases). This was followed by time < 1 month until the start of therapy (63% met) and mediation into social care in case of need (65% met). We further observed that overall quality and involving relatives in the therapy was associated with higher rates of professional reintegration ( p -value = 0.03). However, the need for mediation into social care was associated with a reduced chance for successful professional reintegration ( p -value = 0.009).    Conclusion  In conclusion, we describe a first set of quality indicators which cover different aspects of out-patient neuropsychological therapy and sufficient variability with care. First data further suggests that meeting the specified quality aims may indeed have relevant effects on outcomes.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02092-0.

Quality measurement of out-patient neuropsychological therapy after stroke in Germany: definition of indicators and retrospective pilot study