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Background  The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic risk factors of essential tremor (ET) in Chinese Population.    Methods  A total of 225 ET patients (25 ET patients also had restless legs syndrome (RLS) and were excluded from final analysis) and 229 controls were recruited. The diagnosis of ET was based on the Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorders Society on tremor. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to detect 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven candidate genes for RLS ( HMOX1, HMOX2, VDR, IL17A, IL1B, NOS1 and ADH1B).Results  We found that one SNP was associated with the risk of ET in Chinese population after adjusting for age and gender: rs1143633 of  IL1B  (odds ratio [OR] =2.57,  p  = 0.003, recessive model), and the statistical result remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Then, we performed a query in Genotype-tissue Expression (GTEx), Brain eQTL Almanac (Braineac) databases and Blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) browser. The significant association was only found between genotype at rs1143633 and  IL1B  expression level of putamen and white matter in Braineac database, which was more prominent with homozygous (GG) carriers.    Conclusions  Our study firstly reported the association of  IL1B  polymorphism with the risk of ET in Chinese population. However, the association might only suggest a marker of  IL1B  SNP associated with ET instead of the casual variant. Further studies are needed to confirm our finding.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-019-1331-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

IL1B polymorphism is associated with essential tremor in Chinese population