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Background  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke. The prothrombotic protein fibrinogen is frequently elevated in patients with diabetes, and may be associated with poorer prognoses. We evaluated whether fibrinogen is associated with END in patients with diabetes after acute ischemic stroke.    Methods  We included 3814 patients from a single hospital database admitted within 72 h of onset of ischemic stroke. END was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥2 within 7 days post-admission. In the total population (END,  n  = 661; non-END,  n  = 3153), univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess fibrinogen as an independent predictor for END. We then performed propensity score matching and univariate analyses for DM (END,  n  = 261; non-END,  n  = 522) and non-DM populations (END,  n  = 399; non-END,  n  = 798). Multiple logistic analyses were performed after matching for fibrinogen as a risk factor in each subgroup.    Results  Fibrinogen levels were higher in the END group than in the non-END group (367 ± 156 mg/dL vs. 347 ± 122 mg/dL,  p  = 0.002), though they were not associated with END in logistic regression analyses. Fibrinogen levels were found to be an independent predictor for END, but only in the DM population (fibrinogen levels 300–599 mg/dL, odds ratio: 1.618, 95% confidence interval: 1.037–2.525,  p  = 0.034, fibrinogen levels ≥600 mg/dL, 2.575, 1.018–6.514,  p  = 0.046; non-DM population,  p  = 0.393). The diabetes-fibrinogen interaction for the entire cohort was  p  = 0.101.    Conclusions  Elevated fibrinogen is dose-dependently associated with END in patients with diabetes following acute ischemic stroke.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0865-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association of fibrinogen level with early neurological deterioration among acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes