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Background  The smell sense reduction was considered to represent the potentially warning of early stage of neurodegenerative disorders. The Shanghai Aging Study provided us a unique opportunity to explore the association between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly in China.    Methods  OI of each participant was measured by the 12-item identification tests from Sniffin’ Sticks Screening test (SSST-12). Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were diagnosed by Petersen criteria. We used the logistic regression analysis to explore the association between OI scores and cognitive function by adjusting potential confounders.    Results  Among 1782 non-demented participants, 345 (19.4 %) participants were diagnosed as MCI. The mean OI score for participants with MCI [7.1 (SD 2.3)] was significantly lower than that for those with normal cognition [8.2 (SD 2.0),  P  < 0.0001]. After adjusted for age, gender, education, lifestyles, medical history, Apolipoprotein E genotype, lower OI score was found to be an independent influence factor related to MCI (OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.11–1.27).    Conclusions  Our study suggests that poor OI may be associated with MCI in elderly population. Further prospective studies may confirm the OI as a reliable and early marker predicting the decline of cognitive function.

Association between olfactory identification and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly: the Shanghai aging study