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Background Hemodialysis (HD) patients have a higher mortality rate compared with general population. Our previous study revealed that platelet counts might be a potential risk factor. The role of platelets in HD patients has rarely been studied. The aim of this study is to examine if there is an association of thrombocytopenia (TP) with elevated risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) death in Chinese HD patients. Methods Data from a prospective cohort study, China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) 5, were analyzed. Demographic data, comorbidities, platelet counts and other lab data, and death records which extracted from the medical record were analyzed. TP was defined as the platelet count below the lower normal limit (&lt; 100*10 9 /L). Associations between platelet counts and all-cause and CV mortality were evaluated using Cox regression models. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the independent associated factors, and subgroup analyses were also carried out. Results Of 1369 patients, 11.2% (154) had TP at enrollment. The all-cause mortality rates were 26.0% vs. 13.3% ( p  &lt; 0.001) in patients with and without TP. TP was associated with higher all-cause mortality after adjusted for covariates (HR:1.73,95%CI:1.11,2.71), but was not associated with CV death after fully adjusted (HR:1.71,95%CI:0.88,3.33). Multivariate logistic regression showed that urine output &lt; 200 ml/day, cerebrovascular disease, hepatitis (B or C), and white blood cells were independent impact factors ( P  &lt; 0.05). Subgroup analysis found that the effect of TP on all-cause mortality was more prominent in patients with diabetes or hypertension, who on dialysis thrice a week, with lower ALB (&lt; 4 g/dl) or higher hemoglobin, and patients without congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, or hepatitis ( P  &lt; 0.05). Conclusion In Chinese HD patients, TP is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality. Platelet counts may be a useful prognostic marker for clinical outcomes among HD patients, though additional study is needed.

Thrombocytopenia predicts mortality in Chinese hemodialysis patients- an analysis of the China DOPPS