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Background  Cytokines have been found to be the important mediators during renal graft outcome. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the role of recipients’ IL-1 β promoter (−511) and IL-1 β exon-5 (+3954) polymorphisms with the risk of graft outcome.    Methodology  We enrolled one hundred recipients of living-related renal transplants together with the age and sex matched controls from the healthy population not having any renal abnormality for this study. Genotype frequencies of the IL-1 β promoter (−511) and IL-1 β exon-5 (+3954) were analyzed using PCR-RFLP technique.    Results  Our results revealed significant differences in the healthy control group and patient group in IL  1β +3954  ( p  < 0.001). The frequency of variant type TT genotype was higher in RE group as compared to SGF and showed 4 fold risk of rejection (OR = 4.54,  p  < 0.069) although  p  value was not significant. The frequency of wild type CC genotype and CT was not significant ( p  value 0.89 and 0.74 respectively).    Conclusion  Our findings suggest that there is a prevalence of mutated allele of IL-1 gene cluster in our population, which may be responsible for renal dysfunction.

Association of IL1 beta gene polymorphism and allograft functions in renal transplant recipients :a case control study from Kashmir Valley