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Background  Glutathione S-transferases play a key role in the detoxification of persistent oxidative stress products which are one of several risks factors that may be associated with many types of disease processes such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. In the present study, we characterize the null genotypes of  GSTM1  and  GSTT1  in order to investigate the association between them and the risk of developing essential hypertension.    Methods  We conducted a case-control study in Burkina Faso, including 245 subjects with essential hypertension as case and 269 control subjects with normal blood pressure. Presence of the  GSTT1  and  GSTM1  was determined using conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis analysis. Biochemical parameters were measured using chemistry analyzer CYANExpert 130.    Results  Chi-squared test shows that  GSTT1-null  (OR = 1.82;  p  = 0.001) and  GSTM1-active/GSTT1-null  genotypes (OR = 2.33;  p  <  0.001) were significantly higher in cases than controls; the differences were not significant for  GSTM1 - null ,  GSTM1 - null / GSTT1-active  and  GSTM1-null / GSTT1-null  ( p  > 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that age ≥ 50 years, central obesity, family history of hypertension, obesity, alcohol intake and  GSTT1  deletion were in decreasing order independent risk factors for essential hypertension. Analysis by gender, BMI and alcohol showed that association of  GSTT1 -null with risk of essential hypertension seems to be significant when BMI < 30 Kg/m 2 , in non-smokers and in alcohol users (all OR ≥ 1.77;  p  ≤ 0.008). Concerning  GSTT1 ,  GSTM1  and cardiovascular risk markers levels in hypertensive group, we found that subjects with  GSTT1-null  genotype had higher waist circumference and higher HDL cholesterol level than those with  GSTT1-active  (all  p  <  0.005), subjects with  GSTM1-null  genotype had lower triglyceride than those with  GSTM1 - active  ( p  = 0.02) and subjects with the double deletion  GSTM1-null / GSTT1-null  had higher body mass index, higher waist circumference and higher HDL cholesterol than those with  GSTM1 - active / GSTT1 - active  genotype (all  p  = 0.01).    Conclusion  Our results confirm that  GSTT1-null  genotype is significantly associated with risk of developing essential hypertension in Burkinabe, especially when BMI < 30 Kg/m 2 , in non-smokers and in alcohol users, and it showed that the double deletion  GSTM1-null / GSTT1-null  genotypes may influence body lipids repartition.

bmc medical genetics

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes deletion polymorphisms and risk of developing essential hypertension: a case-control study in Burkina Faso population (West Africa)