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Background  The energy homeostasis-associated gene ( ENHO ), retinoid X receptor alpha gene ( RXRA ), and liver X receptor alpha gene ( LXRA ) are involved in adipogenic/lipogenic regulation. We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes ( ENHO  rs2281997, rs72735260;  RXRA  rs749759, rs10776909, rs10881578;  LXRA  rs2279238, rs7120118, rs11039155) are associated with dyslipidaemia, related comorbidities and survival of haemodialysis (HD) patients also tested for T-helper (Th) cell interleukin genes ( IL ).    Methods  The study was carried out in 873 HD patients. Dyslipidaemia was diagnosed by the recommendations of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines (2003); atherogenic dyslipidaemia was referred to if the TG/HDL cholesterol ratio was equal to or higher than 3.8. Genotyping of  ENHO  SNPs,  LXRA  SNPs, and  IL12A  rs568408 was carried out using HRM analysis.  RXRA  SNPs,  IL12B  rs3212227, and  IL18  rs360719 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. The circulating adropin concentration was determined in 126 patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Survival probability was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method in 440 patients followed through 7.5 years.    Results  Dyslipidaemia by K/DOQI was diagnosed in 459 patients (91% revealed hyper-LDL- cholesterolaemia), atherogenic dyslipidaemia was diagnosed in 454 patients, and 231 patients were free of dyslipidaemia by both criteria. The variant allele (T) of  ENHO  rs2281997 was associated with the hyper-LDL cholesterolaemic pattern of dyslipidaemia by K/DOQI. The frequency of atherogenic dyslipidaemia was lower in T-allele bearers than in CC-genotype patients. The rs2281997 T allele was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality in HD patients showing atherogenic dyslipidaemia.  ENHO, RXRA,  and  LXRA  showed epistatic interactions in dyslipidaemia. Circulating adropin was lower in atherogenic dyslipidaemia than in non-atherogenic conditions.  RXRA  rs10776909 was associated with myocardial infarction. Bearers of  LXRA  rs2279238, rs7120118 or rs11039155 minor alleles showed higher mortality.  ENHO  SNP positions fell within the same DNase 1 hypersensitivity site expressed in the Th1 cell line. Epistatic interactions occurred between rs2281997 and Th1  IL  SNPs (rs360719, rs568408).    Conclusions  Atherogenic dyslipidaemia occurs in HD patients in whom  ENHO  encodes less adropin.  ENHO ,  RXRA , and  LXRA  SNPs, separately or jointly, are associated with dyslipidaemia, myocardial infarction, and survival in HD patients. Differences in the availability of transcription binding sites may contribute to these associations.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0708-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

ENHO, RXRA, and LXRA polymorphisms and dyslipidaemia, related comorbidities and survival in haemodialysis patients