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Background  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of female infertility. Interactions among genetic, biochemical, and immunological factors can affect the pathogenesis of PCOS. As a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in this regard. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of the rs361525 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and TNF-α serum levels with the hormonal and biochemical characteristics of PCOS in Iranian individuals.    Methods  The SNP rs361525 in the  TNF-α  gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a total of 111 PCOS patients and 105 healthy females. Serum levels of TNF-α, lipid and hormone profiles, and biochemical factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and calorimetric methods, as appropriate.    Results  The TNF-α serum level was higher in women with PCOS compared with the control group ( p  <  0.0001), and it was significantly correlated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) factor ( r  = 0.138,  p  <  0.05). No significant differences were found in the genotype and allelic frequencies between the two groups ( p  >  0.05). Higher levels and significant differences were found for the HOMA factor, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), testosterone, and body mass index (BMI) in the PCOS group compared with the control group ( p  <  0.0001). High LH/FSH ratios (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.28,  p  <  0.01), and high HOMA factor (OR = 5.04, 95% CI = 2.82–9.01,  p  <  0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PCOS.    Conclusions  Despite the lack of significant difference between rs361525 polymorphism of the  TNF-α  gene and PCOS, the serum level of TNF-α was increased in PCOS patients and positively correlated with the HOMA factor. Elevation of the LH/FSH ratio and HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased the risk of PCOS. Therefore, TNF-α could indirectly contribute to PCOS progression.

bmc medical genetics

Preliminary study showing no association between G238A (rs361525) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphism and its serum level, hormonal and biochemical aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome