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Background  Maternal perception of reduced fetal movements (RFM) is associated with increased risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth, mediated by placental insufficiency. The maternally expressed imprinted gene  PHLDA2  controls fetal growth, placental development and placental lactogen production in a mouse model. A number of studies have also demonstrated abnormally elevated placental  PHLDA2  expression in human growth restricted pregnancies. This study examined whether  PHLDA2  was aberrantly expressed in placentas of RFM pregnancies resulting in delivery of an FGR infant and explored a possible relationship between  PHLDA2  expression and placental lactogen release from the human placenta.    Methods  Villous trophoblast samples were obtained from a cohort of women reporting RFM ( N  = 109) and  PHLDA2  gene expression analysed. hPL levels were assayed in the maternal serum ( N  = 74).    Results  Placental  PHLDA2  expression was significantly 2.3 fold higher in RFM pregnancies resulting in delivery of an infant with FGR ( p  < 0.01), with highest levels of  PHLDA2  expression in the most severe cases. Placental  PHLDA2  expression was associated with maternal serum hPL levels ( r  = −0.30,  p  = 0.008,  n  = 74) although this failed to reach statistical significance in multiple linear regression analysis controlling for birth weight ( p  = 0.07).    Conclusions  These results further highlight a role for placental  PHLDA2  in poor perinatal outcomes, specifically FGR associated with RFM. Furthermore, this study suggests a potential relationship between placental  PHLDA2  expression and hPL production by the placenta, an association that requires further investigation in a larger cohort.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0279-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Placental PHLDA2 expression is increased in cases of fetal growth restriction following reduced fetal movements