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Background  Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS) is a very rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder (CTD) characterized by tortuosity and elongation of the large- and medium-sized arteries and a propensity for aneurysm formation and vascular dissection. During infancy, children frequently present the involvement of the pulmonary arteries (elongation, tortuosity, stenosis) with dyspnea and cyanosis. Other CTD signs of ATS are dysmorphisms, abdominal hernias, joint hypermobility, skeletal abnormalities, and keratoconus. ATS is typically described as a severe disease with high rate of mortality due to major cardiovascular malformations. ATS is caused by mutations in the  SLC2A10  gene, which encodes the facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). Approximately 100 ATS patients have been described, and 21 causal mutations have been identified in the  SLC2A10  gene.    Case presentation  We describe the clinical findings and molecular characterization of three new ATS families, which provide insight into the clinical phenotype of the disorder; furthermore, we expand the allelic repertoire of  SLC2A10  by identifying two novel mutations. We also review the ATS patients characterized by our group and compare their clinical findings with previous data.    Conclusions  Our data confirm that the cardiovascular prognosis in ATS is less severe than previously reported and that the first years of life are the most critical for possible life-threatening events. Molecular diagnosis is mandatory to distinguish ATS from other CTDs and to define targeted clinical follow-up and timely cardiovascular surgical or interventional treatment, when needed.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0122-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc medical genetics

Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: homozygosity for two novel and one recurrent SLC2A10missense mutations in three families with severe cardiopulmonary complications in infancy and a literature review