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Background  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to cause serious health problems among them is the Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling possibly partakes in the pathophysiology of this devastating complication.    Methods  In the current project, we have appraised expression levels of  VDR ,  CYP27B1  and a number of associated lncRNAs in the circulation of COVID-19 patients versus healthy subjects using real-time PCR method.    Results  Expression of  SNHG6  was considerably lower in COVID-19 patients compared with control subjects (Ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.22,  P  value = 7.04E-05) and in both female and male COVID-19 patients compared with sex-matched unaffected individuals (RME = 0.32, P value = 0.04 and RME = 0.16, P value = 0.000679683, respectively). However, its expression was similar among ICU-hospitalized and non-ICU patients. Similarly, expression of  SNHG16  was lower in in COVID-19 patients compared with controls (RME = 0.20,  P  value = 5.94E-05) and in both female and male patients compared with sex-matched controls (RME = 0.32, P value = 0.04 and RME = 0.14, P value = 0.000496435, respectively) with no significant difference among ICU-hospitalized and non-ICU hospitalized patients. Expression of  VDR  was lower in COVID-19 patients compared with controls (RME = 0.42,  P  value = 0.04) and in male patients compared with male controls (RME = 0.27, P value = 0.02). Yet, expression of  VDR  was statistically similar between female subgroups and between ICU-hospitalized and non-ICU hospitalized patients. Expression levels  CYP27B ,  Linc00511  and  Linc00346  were similar among COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects or between their subgroups. Significant correlations have been detected between expression levels of  VDR ,  CYP27B  and  SNHG6 ,  SNHG16 ,  Linc00511  and  Linc00346  lncRNAs both among COVID-19 patients and among healthy controls with the most significant ones being  SNHG6  and  SNHG16  (r = 0.74,  P  value = 3.26e-17 and r = 0.81,  P  = 1.54e-22, respectively).    Conclusion  Combination of transcript levels of  VDR ,  CYP27B  and  SNHG6 ,  SNHG16 ,  Linc00511  and  Linc00346  could differentiate patients from controls with AUC = 0.76, sensitivity = 0.62 and specificity = 0.81. The current data potentiate  SNHG6 ,  SNHG16  and  VDR  as possible contributors in COVID-19 infection but not in the severity of ARDS.

Evaluation of expression of VDR-associated lncRNAs in COVID-19 patients