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Background  Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by parasitic infection by  Echinococcus multilocularis . Its diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, and other imaging methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in disease processes and can exist in a highly stable cell-free form in body fluids. It is important to identify specific, sensitive diagnostic markers for early diagnosis and evaluation of AE. In this study, we examined hsa-miR-125b-5p as a potential plasma biomarker of  E. multilocularis  infection.    Methods  Plasma samples from patients with AE and healthy individuals were screened for the presence of five miRNAs using miRNA chips. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure miRNA expression levels in plasma and liver tissue samples from patients with AE.    Results  hsa-miR-125b-5p was stably upregulated in the plasma and liver tissue samples from patients with AE.    Conclusions  The results suggest that hsa-miR-125b-5p may be a promising biomarker for early, non-invasive diagnosis of AE.

microRNA-125b-5p is a promising novel plasma biomarker for alveolar echinococcosis in patients from the southern province of Qinghai