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Background  Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacterium that may cause and/or compound respiratory diseases in humans. There are over a hundred NTM species with varying pathogenicity’s Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the populations at risk for each species.    Methods  Demographic (age, sex, and state of residence) and microbiological data from 2014 were extracted from Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio disease surveillance systems. NTM species with > 50 reports were included in the analysis. Patient sex, age, and incidence rates were generated for each of the following NTM species:  M. abscessus ,  M. avium  complex (MAC),  M. chelonae ,  M. fortuitum ,  M. gordonae ,  M. kansasii ,  M. mucogenicum , and  M. peregrinum .    Results  Analysis by sex showed that  M. chelonae , M. fortuitum ,  M. gordonae, and  M. kansasii  had significantly higher rates in males than females. Age was not associated with patient rates for several specific NTM species e.g.,  M. chelonae . Mississippi had the highest patient’ rates for  M. avium ,  M. gordonae ,  M. kansasii , and  M. chelonae . Ohio had the highest patient’ rates for  M. abscessus ,  M. mucogenicum , and  M. peregrinum . The highest patient’s rate for  M. fortuitum  was observed in Missouri.    Conclusion  This study showed that NTM infection occurred more frequently in males. The highest rates were observed in Mississippi for most of the NTMs studied. Age was not a strong risk factor for some of the NTM species.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-05925-y.

Epidemiological risk factors and the geographical distribution of eight Mycobacterium species