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Background  This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant  Leclercia adecarboxylata  in three hospitals associated with the unintended use of contaminated total parental nutrition (TPN).    Methods  For 10 days, 25 patients who received intravenous TPN from the same batch of a formula developed sepsis and had blood cultures positive for  L. adecarboxylata . Antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenemase production were performed in 31 isolates, including one from an unopened bottle of TPN. Carbapenemase-encoding genes, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–encoding genes were screened by PCR, and plasmid profiles were determined. Horizontal transfer of carbapenem resistance was performed by solid mating. Clonal diversity was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The resistome was explored by whole-genome sequencing on two selected strains, and comparative genomics was performed using Roary.    Results  All 31 isolates were resistant to aztreonam, cephalosporins, carbapenems, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and susceptible to gentamicin, tetracycline, and colistin. Lower susceptibility to levofloxacin (51.6%) and ciprofloxacin (22.6%) was observed. All the isolates were carbapenemase producers and positive for  bla  NDM-1 ,  bla  TEM-1B , and  bla  SHV-12  genes. One main lineage was detected (clone A, 83.9%; A1, 12.9%; A2, 3.2%). The  bla  NDM-1  gene is embedded in a Tn 125 -like element.  Genome analysis showed genes encoding resistance for aminoglycosides ,  quinolones ,  trimethoprim, colistin ,  phenicols, and sulphonamides and the presence of IncFII (Yp), IncHI2, and IncHI2A incompatibility groups. Comparative genomics showed a major phylogenetic relationship among  L. adecarboxylata  I1 and USDA-ARS-USMARC-60222 genomes, followed by our two selected strains.    Conclusion  We present epidemiological, microbiological, and molecular evidence of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant  L. adecarboxylata  in three hospitals in western Mexico associated with the use of contaminated TPN.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-05923-0.

Molecular investigation of an outbreak associated with total parenteral nutrition contaminated with NDM-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata