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Background  Parasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, particularly in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals. Different species of the genus  Trichostrongylus  are the most common trichostrongyloids in humans in endemic areas. Also,  Ostertagia  species are gastrointestinal nematodes that mainly infect cattle, sheep and goats and in rare occasion humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the trichostrongyloid nematodes obtained from a familial infection in Guilan province, northern Iran, using morphological and molecular criteria.    Methods  After anthelmintic treatment, all fecal materials of the patients were collected up to 48 h and male adult worms were isolated. Morphological identification of the adult worms was performed using valid nematode keys. Genomic DNA was extracted from one male worm of each species. PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was carried out, and products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was performed using MEGA 6.0 software.    Results  Adult worms expelled from the patients were identified as  T. colubriformis ,  T. vitrinus  and  Teladorsagia circumcincta  based on morphological characteristics of the males. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that each species obtained in current study was placed together with reference sequences submitted to GenBank database.    Conclusions  The finding of current study confirms the zoonotic aspect of  Trichostrongylus  species and  T. circumcincta  in inhabitants of Guilan province. The occurrence of natural human infection by  T. circumcincta  is reported for the first time in Iran and the second time in the world.

bmc infectious diseases

Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations