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Background  Dengue patients develop different disease severity ranging from mild (dengue fever [DF]) to severe forms (dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF] and the fatal dengue shock syndrome [DSS]). Host genetics are considered to be one factor responsible for the severity of dengue outcomes. To identify genes associated with dengue severity that have not been studied yet, we performed genetic association analyses of interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) ,  CD27 ,  and human leukocyte antigen-DPB1 (HLA-DPB1) genes in Thai dengue patients.    Methods  A case–control association study was performed in 877 children (age ≤ 15 years) with dengue infection (DF,  n  = 386; DHF,  n  = 416; DSS,  n  = 75). A candidate single nucleotide polymorphism of each of  IFNL3, CD27,  and  HLA-DPB1  was selected to be analyzed. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan real-time PCR assay, and the association with dengue severity was examined.    Results  The rs9277534 variant of  HLA-DPB1  was weakly associated with DHF. The genotype GG and G allele conferred protection against DHF ( p  = 0.04, odds ratio 0.74 for GG genotype,  p  = 0.03, odds ratio 0.79 for G allele). The association became borderline significant after adjusting for confounders ( p  = 0.05, odds ratio 0.82). No association was detected for  IFNL3  or  CD27 .    Conclusions  The present study demonstrated the weak association of the rs9277534 variant of  HLA-DPB1  with protection against DHF. This variant is in the 3′ untranslated region and affects HLA-DPB1 surface protein expression. Our finding suggests that HLA-DPB1 may be involved in DHF pathogenesis.

Genetic association study of interferon lambda 3, CD27, and human leukocyte antigen-DPB1 with dengue severity in Thailand