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Background   Helicobacter cinaedi  is rarely identified as a cause of infected aneurysms; however, the number of reported cases has been increasing over several decades, especially in Japan. We report three cases of aortic aneurysm infected by  H. cinaedi  that were successfully treated using meropenem plus surgical stent graft replacement or intravascular stenting. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review of the literature regarding aortic aneurysm infected by  H. cinaedi .    Case presentation  We present three rare cases of infected aneurysm caused by  H. cinaedi  in adults. Blood and tissue cultures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used for diagnosis. Two patients underwent urgent surgical stent graft replacement, and the other patient underwent intravascular stenting. All three cases were treated successfully with intravenous meropenem for 4 to 6 weeks.    Conclusions  These cases suggest that although aneurysms infected by  H. cinaedi  are rare, clinicians should be aware of  H. cinaedi  as a potential causative pathogen, even in immunocompetent patients. Prolonged incubation periods for blood cultures are necessary for the accurate detection of  H. cinaedi .

Infected aortic aneurysm caused by Helicobacter cinaedi: case series and systematic review of the literature