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Background  Brain abscess due to the  Nocardia  genus is rare and usually found in immunocompromised patients. The most common subtype implicated is  Nocardia farcinica  while brain abscess due to  Nocardia brasiliensis  is comparatively rare. Diagnosis of brain abscess is based mainly on bacteriological culture from pus collected at the site of infection, and brain imaging. Stereotaxic aspiration or surgical resection combined with adequate duration of treatment with antibiotics to which the bacteria are sensitive represent effective treatment strategies.    Case presentation  We report a rare case of brain abscess caused by  Nocardia brasiliensis  in a non-immunocompromised patient. He admitted to our hospital twice with a headache. Stereotaxic aspiration was performed at the patient’s first appointment at the hospital, and a craniotomy was used to excise the lesion during subsequent abscess recurrence.    Conclusion  Early diagnosis, reasonable surgical intervention, and adequate duration of treatment with effective antibiotics are critical for treating brain abscess.

A clinical case report of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in a non-immunocompromised patient and a relevant literature review