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Background  Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligatory intracellular coccidian protozoan organism,  Toxoplasma gondii . It has a worldwide distribution, affecting one-third of the world population. Psychiatric patients have a higher risk of exposure to  Toxoplasma gondii  infection due to lack of good personal hygiene. The burden of toxoplasmosis among psychiatric patients in Ethiopia has not been studied extensively. Thus, the study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of  Toxoplasma gondii  and associated risk factors among psychiatric outpatients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital Psychiatric clinic.    Methods  A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital from February to May 2018. Venous blood was collected from 304 study participants (152 psychiatric outpatients and 152 control groups). Anti- toxoplasma  antibodies were determined using  Onsite  Toxo immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) Rapid Test. A Chi-square test was carried out to compare the two groups and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to check the association between variables.  P-value  less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.    Results  The seroprevalence rate of anti- Toxoplasma gondii  IgG antibodies was 33.6, and 16.4% in the psychiatric outpatients and the control samples, respectively. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii  IgM sero-prevalence was 1.3% in the former patients and 3.9% in the latter group. Owing cat (AOR = 2.862 95% CI = 1.445–5.666  P = 0.003 ), cleaning cat excreta (AOR = 2.966 95% CI = 1.317–2.652  P = 0.007 ), and farming (AOR = 2.058 95% CI = 1.018–4.163  P = 0.045 ) were found to be significantly associated with the sero-prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii  IgG antibody.    Conclusions  This study highlighted that, the prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii  IgG antibodies was significantly higher in psychiatric outpatients than the control group ( p = 0.001 ). Cat ownership, cleaning of cat excreta, and farming were found to be statistically significantly associated with the seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii  IgG antibody.

bmc infectious diseases

Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among psychiatric outpatients attending University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia