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Background  High-risk population of blood donation increases the prevalence of transmit blood-borne diseases and harm the blood safety. Syphilis accounts for approximately 10% of commonly sexually transmitted diseases. The risk factors for blood donors infected with syphilis are also risk factors for other blood borne diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors on syphilis among blood donors, and analyze the donation status of high-risk population.    Methods  A retrospective study was conducted in Chengdu Blood Center during 2005 and 2017. Serological test results of volunteer blood donors were collected. Conditional logistic regression models were performed to investigate syphilis-related risk factors and population attributable risk (PAR) was performed to predict the tendencies of high-risk populations’ on risky behaviors.    Results  The serological epidemic for syphilis among blood donors in Chengdu showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2017.TP positive blood donors were more likely to have multiple sexual partners and commercial sex (50.6% vs.22.6, 11.1% vs.4.6%). Multiple condition logistic regression model denoted the following risk factors for increasing rates of syphilis infections: multiple sexual partners (OR = 7.1, 95% CI:1.72–6.58), razor reuse (OR = 1.7;, 95% CI:1.01–2.01); ear piercing (OR = 2.7, 95% CI:1.48–3.37); tattoo (OR = 3.3, 95% CI:1.17–6.78); condom occasionally (OR = 2.8, 95% CI:0.68–1.66). The PAR for each of the risk factors were 0.225, 0.144, 0.147, 0.018, 0.129, 0.018, respectively.    Conclusion  Health consultation and screening of high-risk groups before blood donation need to be further improved. Blood donor recruitment should emphasize on excluding the high-risk donors and recruiting more low-risk blood donors. In addition, this study also shows that sharing cosmetic surgical instrument has been proven to transmit blood-borne diseases. Therefore, the syphilis in blood circulation should not be ignored.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4128-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Seroprevalence and risk factors on Syphilis among blood donors in Chengdu, China,from 2005 to 2017