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Background  The prevalence of  Plasmodium falciparum  and Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) - with the corresponding pathogenesis among children remain uncertain. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and the outcomes (including anaemia) of the respective infections and co-infections. Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells transporting oxygen to the various body parts is not sufficient to meet the needs of the body.    Methods  This was a cross sectional study conducted among 476-refugee camp school children. Kato-Katz technique was used to screen stool samples for intestinal parasites. Microscopy was used for malaria testing while the portable Haemoglobin (Hb) calorimeter was used to measure haemoglobin concentration.    Results  The overall prevalence of the mixed infections was 63.03%.  Plasmodium falciparum  was most prevalent of the single infections 262(55.04%) followed by  Taenia spp.  14 (2.9%),  Schistosoma mansoni  12(2.5%),  Giardia lamblia  7 (2.9%),  Trichuris trichiura  2(0.4%), Hookworm 2(0.4%) and  Strongyloides stercoralis  1(0.2%). The odds of developing simple or uncomplicated malaria infection or anaemia was 14 times higher in individuals with dual co-infection with  Plasmodium falciparum + Taenia sp.  compared to single parasitic infection (Odds = 14.13,  P  = 0.019). Co-infection with  Plasmodium falciparum + Taenia spp,  was a strong predictor of Malaria and anaemia.    Conclusion  This study shows that  Plasmodium falciparum  and  Taenia spp.  co-infections is a stronger predictor of malaria and anaemia. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia remains higher than the other regions in Uganda outside restricted settlements. The findings of this study underline the need for pragmatic intervention programmes to reduce burden of the co-infections in the study area and similar settlements.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3939-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc infectious diseases

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of Plasmodium falciparum and intestinal parasitic infections among children in Kiryandongo refugee camp, mid-Western Uganda: a cross sectional study