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Background  Little is known about the morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal disease (IFD) at a population level. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, trends and outcomes of IFD in all haematology-oncology patients by linking Victorian hospital data to state-based registries.    Methods  Episodes of IFD complicating adult haematological malignancy (HM) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients admitted to Victorian hospitals from 1 st  July 2005 to 30 th  June 2016 were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and linked to the date of HM diagnosis from the Victorian Cancer Registry and mortality from the Victorian Death Index. Descriptive analyses and regression modelling were used.    Results  There were 619,702 inpatient-episodes among 32,815 HM and 1,765 HSCT-patients. IFD occurring twelve-months from HM-diagnosis was detected in 669 (2.04%) HM-patients and 111 (6.29%) HSCT-recipients, respectively. Median time to IFD-diagnosis was 3, 5, 15 and 22 months in acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma, respectively. Median survival from IFD-diagnosis was 7, 7 and 3 months for invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis and mucormycosis, respectively. From 2005-2016, IFD incidence decreased 0.28% per 1,000 bed-days. Fungal incidence coincided with spring peaks on time-series analysis.    Conclusions  Data linkage is an efficient means of evaluating the epidemiology of a rare disease, however the burden of IFD is likely underestimated, arguing for better quality hospital level surveillance data to improve management strategies.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3901-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc infectious diseases

A population-based analysis of invasive fungal disease in haematology-oncology patients using data linkage of state-wide registries and administrative databases: 2005 - 2016