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Background  Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major public health concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from low-income countries. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology is still limited in Peru.    Methods  A secondary data analysis was performed from a previous cross-sectional study conducted in children with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis from January 2010 to July 2012. All samples were analyzed via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the following etiologies: Influenza-A, Influenza-B, RSV-A, RSV-B, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza 1 virus, Parainfluenza 2 virus, Parainfluenza 3 virus,  Mycoplasma pneumoniae  and  Chlamydia pneumoniae .    Results  A total of 288 patients were included. The most common pathogen isolated was Adenovirus (49%), followed by  Bordetella pertussis  (41%) from our previous investigation, the most prevelant microorganisms were  Mycoplasma pneumonia  (26%) and Influenza-B (19.8%). Coinfections were reported in 58% of samples and the most common association was found between  B. pertussis  and Adenovirus (12.2%).    Conclusions  There was a high prevalence of Adenovirus,  Mycoplasma pneumoniae  and other etiologies in patients with a probable diagnosis of pertussis. Despite the presence of persistent cough lasting at least two weeks and other clinical characteristics highly suspicious of pertussis, secondary etiologies should be considered in children under 5 years-old in order to give a proper treatment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3671-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Identfication of viral and bacterial etiologic agents of the pertussis-like syndrome in children under 5 years old hospitalized