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Background  To evaluate the susceptibility rates of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacterial isolates from Chinese intra-abdominal infections (IAI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) focusing on carbapenems and comparing their effectiveness between 2014 and 2015.    Methods  A total of 2318 strains in 2015 (1483 from IAI and 835 from UTI) and 2374 strains in 2014 (1438 from IAI and 936 from UTI) were included in the analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined at a central laboratory using CLSI broth microdilution and interpretive standards. Hospital acquired (HA) IAI and UTI were defined as isolates sampled > 48 h and community acquired (CA) as isolates sampled < 48 h after admission.    Results  The main species derived from IAI and UTI in 2015 were  Escherichia coli  (50.86%) and  Klebsiella pneumoniae  (19.20%). Susceptibilities of  Escherichia coli  IAI and UTI strains to imipenem (IPM) and ertapenem (ETP) were > 90% in 2014 and 2015, while the susceptibilities to IPM and ETP of  Klebsiella pneumoniae  IAI strains were >  80% in 2014 but dropped to ≤80% in 2015 for UTI strains. Susceptibilities of IAI  Enterobacteriaceae  strains to IPM and ETP in 2015 were lowest in the colon and abscesses, and  Enterobacteriaceae  susceptibilities of UTI and IAI isolates to IPM and ETP were lowest in medical, pediatric and surgery intensive care units (ICUs) in 2015.    Conclusions  IPM and ETP were effective in vitro against  Enterobacteriaceae  isolated from IAIs and UTIs in 2014 and 2015, but susceptibility to carbapenems in UTIs markedly decreased in 2015.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3405-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Carbapenem susceptibilities of Gram-negative pathogens in intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: updated report of SMART 2015 in China