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Background  In West and Central Africa areas of endemic  Loa loa  infections overlap with regions of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. Because individuals in this region are exposed to filarial parasites from birth, most HIV-1 infected individuals invariably also have a history of filarial parasite infection. Since HIV-1 infection both depletes immune system and maintains it in perpetual inflammation, this can hamper  Loa loa  filarial parasite mediated immune modulation, leading to enhanced loaisis.    Methods  In this study we have assessed in plasma from asymptomatic anti-retroviral (ARV) naïve  Loa loa  microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected people the filarial antibody responses specific to a filariasis composite antigen consisting of Wbgp29-BmR1-BmM14-WbSXP.  The antibody responses specific to the filariasis composite antigen was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma from ARV naïve  Loa loa  microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected participants. In addition the filarial antigen specific IgG antibody subclass profiles were also determined for both HIV-1 positive and negative people.    Results  Both  Loa loa  microfilaraemic HIV-1 positive and negative individuals showed significantly higher plasma levels of IgG1 ( P  < 0.0001), IgG2 (P < 0.0001) and IgM (P < 0.0001) relative to amicrofilaraemic participants. A significant increase in IgE (P < 0.0001) was observed exclusively in  Loa loa  microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected people. In contrast there was a significant reduction in the level of IgG4 ( p  < 0.0001) and IgG3 (P < 0.0001) in  Loa loa  microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected individuals.    Conclusions   Loa loa  microfilaraemia in ARV naïve HIV-1 infected people through differential reduction of plasma levels of filarial antigen specific IgG3, IgG4 and a significant increase in plasma levels of filarial antigen specific IgE could diminish  Loa loa  mediated immune-regulation. This in effect can result to increase loaisis mediated immunopathology in antiretroviral naive HIV-1 infected people.

Filaria specific antibody response profiling in plasma from anti-retroviral naïve Loa loa microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected people