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Background  Switch strategies based on rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine or on an integrase inhibitor (InSTI) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine have never been compared in randomized clinical trials. The main aim of the study was to investigate the durability of these two switch regimens in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected patients.    Methods  Retrospective analysis of patients who started rilpivirine or an InSTI (both with tenofovir and emtricitabine) with <50 HIV-RNA copies/mL and had at least one HIV-RNA assessed while receiving the study regimen. Virological failure (VF) was defined as two consecutive measurements of HIV-RNA >50 copies/mL. Treatment failure (TF) was define as either VF or discontinuation of any drug of the regimen. Durability was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-rank test. Residual viremia was defined as any detectable HIV-RNA below 50 copies/mL, as assed by a real-time PCR assay.    Results  Six hundred seventy-five patients (466 switched to a rilpivirine-, 209 switched to an InSTI-based regimen [18% dolutegravir, 39% raltegravir, 43% elvitegravir/cobicistat] were included in the analysis.  The median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up in the rilpivirine and in the InSTI group was 16.7 (8.8–22.2) and 10.4 (5.4–19.6) months. The 1-year cumulative probabilities (95%CI) of VF and TF were 0.97% (0.36%–2.62%) and 9.73% (7.21%–13.06%) in the rilpivirine group and 1.83% (0.57%–5.77%) and 8.75% (5.25%–14.4%) in the InSTI group, with no difference between groups ( p  = 0.328 and 0.209 for VF and TF). The proportion of time spent with residual viremia was comparable in the two groups (9% [IQR 0.5%–49%] and 17% [IQR 0.5%–50%] in the rilpivirine and in the InSTI group,  p  = 0.087).  By the multivariable Cox regression model, TF was independently associated with being on therapy with a protease inhibitor vs. a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor at switch (AHR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.31–0.90;  p  = 0.018), baseline total/HDL-cholesterol ratio (AHR = 1.19 per 0.5-units increments; 95%CI = 1.06–1.34;  p  = 0.004), baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (AHR = 0.78 per 10-units increments; 95%CI = 0.67–0.90;  p  = 0.001) and baseline hemoglobin (AHR = 0.78 per 1-unit increments; 95%CI = 0.64–0.94;  p  = 0.009), but not with treatment group (rilpivirine vs. InSTI).    Conclusions  In our clinical practice, the durability of the two regimens was comparable and both showed a very low probability of VF.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2831-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc infectious diseases

Durability of switch regimens based on rilpivirine or on integrase inhibitors, both in association with tenofovir and emtricitabine, in HIV-infected, virologically suppressed patients